Electro-magnetic motor



J. S. LAMAR. Blectro-Magnetic Motor.v

Patented -Mar. .9, 1880.

WITNESSES w t ATTO R N EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES S. LAMAR, OF AUGUSTA, GEORGIA.

ELECTRO-MAGNETlC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 225,395, dated March 9,1880,

Application filed November 28, 1879.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, J AMEs S. LAMAR, ofAugusta, in the county of Richmond and State of Georgia, have invented anew and valuable Improvement in Magnetic Motors; and I do hereby declarethat the following is afull, clear, and exact description of theconstruction and operation of the same, reference being had to theannexed drawings, making a part of this specification, and to theletters and figures of reference marked thereon.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a plan view of myinvention, and Fig. 2 is a side view of same.

This invention has relation to magnetic motors; and it consists in theconstruction and novel combination, in connection with a wheel carryinga series of electro-magncts and a rimsupport bearing two series ofpermanent magnets, of a commutator on an independent shaft, andproportionately-toothed wheels connecting the commutator-shaft andwheel-shaft, of the combined brake and reverser having conducting endsarranged to throw the current by its adjustment in opposite directions,of the crown-wheel on the main shaft, and startinglever pivoted on anaxis at right angles to that of the crown-wheel and engaging the teeththereof, and of the ridged substituter arranged upon rocking bearingsand governed by a spring, all as hereinafter shown and described.

The wheel A, attached to the shaft B, is furnished with a series ofelcctro-magnets, c, which are made fast to its periphery and arrangedparallel with the shaft and equidistant from each other. Their helicesare so con.- nected that when an electrical current passes through themall the polarity of their several cores will be alternatethat is, apositive pole will always be between two negatives and a negativebetween two positives.

The cores of the helices, which may be either solid or tubular, arefurnished at their extremities with thin soft-iron attachments b, whichare preferably made either oblong or elliptical in facial outline, andthrough the center of their faces they are screwed or otherwise securelyfastened to the poles of the electro-magnets. All of these are to bethus applied,

though only three are here exhibited.

The object of these attachments, which are placed with their longerdiameter tangential to the circle in which they move when the wheelrevolves, is to extend the electromagnetic poles both in front and rear.

011 a circle of wood, 0, surrounding said wheel A, permanent steelmagnets d (in number equal to the number of electro-magnets) are soarranged in series on both sides that poles of different name alwayssucceed each other. In front of these permanent poles and between thetwo circular series the poles of the eleetro-magnets c revolve with thewheel A.

The commutator E, which may consist of two or four or any desired numberof interlocking insulated tongues or bars, but which in no case requiresa large number, differs from the commutator-s in general use, first, inbeing placed not upon the main shaft, but upon a shaft of its own, whichis geared to the main shaft secondly, in the mode by which the currentis transmitted from the geared commutator to the helices 011 themotor-wheel. This is effected by means of two insulated metallic bands,M, placed upon the main shaft and connected, respectively, with theinitial and terminal wires of the series of helices, and also, by meansof the rubbing-springs h h, with the bands of the commutator.

Two central springs, la k, which connect immediately with the battery orother electric generator, press upon the tongues of the commutator inthe usual way. The gearing is proportioned to the number of tongues onthe commutator, and also to the number of electro-magnets on the wheel,and the whole arrangement and adjustment are such as to se cure reversalof the current when the helices come in front of the poles of thepermanent magnets.

By this device any definite number of reversals may be effected simplyby increasing the relative speed of the commutator by means ofthe gears.It also insures with much greater accuracy a more speedy reversal at theprecise points desired.

The wheel reverser and brake F is a small bloel; of wood fitted withmetallic ends 1 l, which project slightly below the wood and restrespectively upon two parallel electrical conductors which extendbeneath them and connect with the central springs of the commutator. Theblock F turns upon a bolt which passes through it into the solidinsulating material filling the space between the electrical conductors.A coiled spring between the head of the bolt and the block keeps themetallic ends in close contact with the couductors. Said metallic endsare also constantly pressed by springs in on, which are connected,respectively, with the positive and negative poles of the electricalgenerator. Hence by shifting the ends of the block from one of theunderlying conductors to the other the cur rent in the helices isreversed and the entire magnetic influence of the motor is convertedinto a brake, which first arrests and then reverses the motion of thewheel.

The starter G is a device for starting the machine by overcoming,through mechanical means, the influence of the permanent magnets noonthe cores when the machine is at rest. It consists of the crown-wheel Hupon the end of the shaft B, with the lever K so arranged that when itslonger arm is moved in either direction its shorter arm will engage witha cog of the crown-wheel, and so move the motor-wheel. As a very smallmovement is all that is needed, just enough to enable the current whichmay be circulating through the commutator to reach the helices, thelever may be so pivoted as to give any desired amount of mechanicaladvantage. The crown-wheel is also fitted to carry a cord or band, andmay be used as a driver.

The current-substituter N consists of an oblong block of wood hinged inthe center so as to move up and down, and finished above the hinge-boltin the form of a ridge to receive the constant pressure of the spring 0.Bindingposts 12 p p p are inserted in the four corners of the blockimmediately over two parallel conducting-bars, g g, with which they arein contact when depressed and out of contact when elevated. The saidbars are connected with the springs of the reverser by wires passingunder the base. The two binding-posts at one end of the block are toreceive the wires from the positive and negative poles of a battery orother electric generator, and those at the other may receive similarwires from another. the block one current may be substituted for theother without arresting the motion of the motor-wheel, while the spring0 keeps the posts of the down end in close contact with theconducting-bars.

The operation of my machine is as follows: WVhen a current from abattery or other source is transmitted through the commutator, themachine being at rest, it does not materially affect the helices,because in this condition the central springs of the commutator pressupon two of the tongues at once. By means of the starter this conditionis overcome, and the circuit is completed through the helices,magnetizing the cores and giving them a polarity opposite to that of thepermanent steel magnets next in front of them and the same as that ofthemagnets next behind them. Hence they are at the same time driven andHence by depressing the up end or attracted forward. hen they reach thenext succeeding poles their own polarity is reversed by the commutator,when they are again driven and attracted forward, and so on perpetually.

The speed is to be regulated by a centrifugal governor of any suitablepattern, arranged to break the electrical circuit at the maximumvelocity desired.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with a wheel carrying a series of electro-magnetsperipherally ar ranged with their cores parallel with the wheelshaft andtheir helices connected by wires, a circular support provided with adouble series of permanent magnets uniformly spaced and arranged foralternate recurrence, an independent shafted orjournaled commutator, andproportionately-toothed gearing connecting the shafts of the commutatorand electromagnet wheel, of insulated metallic bands on the main shaft,connected the one with the initial and the other with the terminal wiresof the series of electro-magnets, and with the bands of the commutatorby conductin g-strips, and conducting-strips 7; 7t, pressing upon thetongues of the commutator and connecting with the electric supply,substantially as specified.

2. The combination of a wheel carrying a series of electro-magnetsconnected to each other and by initial and terminal wires of the seriesto conductors on the main shaft, an in dependent rotating commutator, adouble set of permanent magnets arranged on a frame for alternaterecurrence, proportionately-toothed gearing connecting the shafts of thecommutator and electro magnet wheel, conductingstrips connecting theconductors on the main shaft and the bands of the commutator, andcorulucting-strips pressing on the tongues of the commutator and leadingto the electric supply, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with two conductingstrips, h It, of the reversiblepiece ll, having conducting ends adapted to" be shifted upon saidconducting-strips, and springs in in, connected with the poles of theelectric supply and arranged to press against the conducting ends ofsaid reversible piece in its different positions, substantially asspecified.

The combination, with the shaft of the motor-wheel, of a crown-wheel, H,and a lever, K, pivoted on an axis at right angles to the motor-wheelshaft and arranged to turn the same by engaging with the teeth of thecrown-wheel, substantially as specified.

5. The combined brake and reverser F, arranged to throw the current byits adjustment in opposite directions, the metallic conductors 7t is,hearing against the commutator and brake, and the conductors h h,bearing against insulated bands 6 t" on the main shaft, combined with awheel upon the said shaft carrying a connected series ofelectro-magnets, wires leading from said bands to the terminal andinitial electro-inagnets of the series, and arini In testimony that Iclaim the above I he or support carrying a double set of fixedmaghereunto subscribed my name in the presence nets arranged foralternate recurrence, subof two Witnesses.

stantially as specified.

6. The rocking substituter havingacentrai JAMES S. LAMAR. ridge, and agoverning-spring adapted to bear on said ridge and press either end ofsaid sub- Witnesses: stituter down to the conductors, substantiallyPHIL. G. MASI, as specified. F. J. MASI.

